Advanced cultivation by scientific technology of rye-srs

Rye-Saras

सरसों रबी की प्रमुख तिलहनी फसल है जिसका भारत की अर्थ व्यवस्था में एक विशेष स्थान है। सरसों (लाहा) कृषकों के लिए बहुत लोक प्रिय होती जा रही है क्यों कि इससे कम सिंचाई व लागत में दूसरी फसलों की अपेक्षा अधिक लाभ प्राप्त हो रहा है। इसकी खेती मिश्रित रूप में और बहु फसलीय फसल चक्र में आसानी से की जा सकती है। भारत वर्ष में क्षेत्रफल की दृष्टि से इसकी खेती प्रमुखता से राजस्थान, मध्यप्रदेश, यूपी, हरियाणा, पश्चिम बंगाल, गुजरात, आसाम, झारखंड़, बिहार एवं पंजाब में की जाती है। जबकि उत्पादकता (1721 किलो प्रति हे.) की दृष्टि से हरियाणा प्रथम स्थान पर है। मध्यप्रदेश की उत्पादकता (1325 किलो प्रति हे.) वर्ष 2012-13 में थी। मध्यप्रदेश में इसकी खेती सफलता पूर्वक मुरैना, श्योपुर, भिंड़, ग्वालियर, शिवपुरी, गुना, अशोकनगर, दतिया, जबलपुर, कटनी, बालाघाट, छिंदवाडा़, सिवनी, मण्डला, डिण्डोरी, नरसिंहपुर, सागर, दमोह, पन्ना, टीकमगढ, छतरपुर, रीवा, सीधी, सिंगरोली, सतना, शहडोल, उमरिया, इन्दौर, धार, झाबुआ, खरगोन, बडवानी, खण्डवा, बुरहानपुर, अलीराजपुर, उज्जैन, मंदसौर, नीमच, रतलाम, देवास, शाजापुर, भोपाल, सीहौर, रायसेन, विदिशा, राजगढ, होशंगाबाद, हरदा, बैतूल जिलों में होती है एवं इन जिलो में राई-सरसों के उत्पादन की एवं प्रचार प्रसार की असीम संभावनायें है। उत्पादन की दृष्टि से मुरैना जिला की मुख्य भूमिका है। यहाँ औसतन उत्पादकता वर्ष 2012-13 में 1815 किलो ग्राम प्रति हे. थी। अतः वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधानों के आधार पर उन्नतशील प्रजातियाँ एवं उन्नत तकनीक अपनाकर किसान भाई 25 से 30 क्विंटल प्रति हे. सरसों की पैदावार ले सकते है।

Land Election and Land Preparation:

Dome or sand land in which water exhaust is more suitable. If there is no proper management of water exhaust, the digestion should be grown as green manure before each year is taken. The ground for good yields should be P.H. 7.0. Highly acidic and alkaline soils are not suitable for its cultivation. Although it can be cultivated with suitable variety in alkaline lands. Where the ground is alkaline there should be use at the rate of gypsum/pirit 5 ton per hectare per third year. The need for gypsum may vary according to the Soil PH value. Gypsum/Pyrite should be found in the ground in May-June. Sintered Areas

Selection of advanced varieties:

To achieve greater yield in the Madhya Pradesh and maximum amount of oil, mustard’s low castes are recommended for bulking.

Varieties ripening period (day) Yield(kg/h) Oil Volume (%) Main Features
Toria:

Jawahar Toria-1

English

Zip-9

85-9075-80

90-95

1500-18001000-1200

1200-1500

4344

40

Resistant to White Kitt
Suitable for intercurrent harvest.
Suitable for cultivation and irrigation.

Mustard:Jawahar Mustard-2

Jawahar Mustard-3

Raj Vijay Mustard-2

135-138130-132

120-140

1500-30001500-2500

1800-2000

(Pierce Bonnie)
2500.3000)

(Bonny from time)

40
4037-41
Mriduromil is tolerant to the astrology and plaza.
An outbreak of swelling disease and menstruation is reduced.
Suitable for sintered and unstructured areas. Medium resistance to white blisters, shuffles disease, stem rots, chrystals and miridoromilis.
Coral-432 113-147 1831-2581 40-42

Suitable for irrigation stage and millet harvest cycle.

CS-56 113-147 1170-1423 35-40

Suitable for backwards

Navgold (Yellow Mustard) 122-134 1095-1803 34-41

Suitable for pelvic sown. Medium resistant to white blisters, sagging diseases and stem rot diseases.

NRCHB-101 105-135 1384-1492 34-42

Suitable for timely and backward sowing.

Pusa Mustard-21 127-149 1428-2197 30-42

White blisters, shuffles disease, stem rot, churnal and miridoram.

Pusa Mustard-27 108-135 1437-1639 39-45

Suitable for agti bony.

RGN-73 127-136 1771-2226 39-42

resistance to fall of legumes and plants.

Blessing 125-130 1440-1685 39

Suitable for pelvic bony, resistant to white kettle, mid-resistant to leaves and pod swinging disease.

Home 125-136 1990-2280 40

Resistant to bearable, white kettle against agti bony and high temperature.

Crop Cycle:

Fields in which irrigation means should not leave the farm empty in the pre-purchase of mustard sow. It can be successfully grown in order of other crops in order to increase the efficiency. It does not have any adverse effect on the production of land and incoming crop from its cultivation. Suitable crop cycles based on mustard can go as follows.

For irrigation areas:

Mung/Rud/Soybean-Sys-Mung
Mung/Rud/Bajra/Title-Sys-Mung

Pdati-Toria- Wheat
Pedti-Toria-Onion
Toria+Barcem
Mustard/Toria-Summer Vegetables

Mustard+Barcem

For undenatured areas:
  1. Lovia (Vertical)-Sys
  2. Lovia (Four)-Sys
  3. Dhecha/Mung/Nurd/Sanai (Green Manure)-Surs
Temporary Crops:
  1. Mustard chana - (1:9) It will be beneficial to sow in a queue of mustard and a ratio of 9 queues of chana.

  2. Mustard:- (1:9) It will be beneficial to sow in a queue of mustard and a ratio of 9 queues of chana.

  3. Mustard Wheat-(1:9) Non-refractive cultivation with low water or undenatured wheat mustard also benefit significantly. The ratio of these queues is 1 grater mustard and 9 grater wheat.

Seedling:

Seedlings are necessary to protect the crop from seed-borne diseases for a full harvest. Seed treatment at the rate of Carbendazim 3 g per kg of seed to protect against white kettle and miromil plaza.

Sowing time and seed rate:

Sowing at a reasonable time makes the production more, as well as the outbreak of diseases and pests on the crop. This can also be avoided by the cost on plant protection.

The appropriate time and seed rate of sowing is as follows:
Crop Sowing Time Seed rate per hectare
Toria First side of September 4-5 kg
Mustard Barani area 15th September to 15th October 5-6 kg
Mustard Sintered Area
October 10 to 30 4.5-5 kg
The method of sowing:

Perform sowing native plough or sirtha or sed drills in queues, row to row distance from 30 cm, plant distance from plants 10-12 cm and do not over 2-3 cm deepen the seeds, plunging the opposite effect on seed germination on more profound sowing.

Quantity of manure and fertilizer:

भरपूर उत्पादन प्राप्त करने हेतु रासायनिक उर्वरको के साथ केचुंआ की खाद, गोबर या कम्पोस्ट खाद का भी उपयोग करना चाहिए। सिंचित क्षेत्रों के लिए अच्छी सडी हुई गोबर या कम्पोस्ट खाद 100 क्विंटल प्रति हैक्टर अथवा केचुंआ की खाद 25 क्विंटल/प्रति हेक्टर बुवाई के पूर्व खेत में डालकर जुताई के समय खेत में अच्छी तरह मिला दें। बारानी क्षेत्रों में देशी खाद (गोबर या कम्पोस्ट) 40-50 क्विंटल प्रति हेक्टेयर की दर से वर्षा के पूर्व खेत में डालें और वर्षा के मौसम मे खेत की तैयारी के समय खेत में मिला दें। राई-सरसों से भरपूर पैदावार लेने के लिए रासायनिक उर्वरकों का संतुलित मात्रा में उपयोग करने से उपज पर अच्छा प्रभाव पड़ता है। उर्वरको का प्रयोग मृदा परीक्षण के आधार पर करना अधिक उपयोगी होगा। राई-सरसों को नत्रजन, स्फुर एवं पोटाश जैसे प्राथमिक तत्वों के अलावा गंधव तत्व की आवश्यकता अन्य फसलों की तुलना में अधिक होती है। साधारणतः इन फसलों से निम्नांकित संतुलित उर्वरकों का प्रयोग कर अधिकतम उपज प्राप्त की जा सकती है-

Crop Fertilizer (kg/hectare)
English Spur Potash Odor
Toria 60 30 20 20
Mustard Concentrated 40 20 10 15
Mustard sintered (Storm/Soybean/Surse) 100 50 25 40

Soils in many areas of Madhya Pradesh have seen a shortage of odorous elements, due to which day reduction in cropping and oil percentage is also reduced. For this, it is necessary to give 30-40 kg of odour element at the rate of per hectare. which can be fulfilled by the use of ammonium sulfate, super phosphate, ammonium phosphate sulfate etc fertilizers. But odorant can be given as gypsum or pyramitus if these fertilizers are not available.

Methods of Use of Fertilizers:

Barani area (extended): Mix well in the field at the time of sowing the recommended slogan, suffur, potash and odor.

Sintered Area:

Half the amount of the recommended trajector and the entire amount of spur potash and odor mix well in the field at the time of sowing and the remaining half of the trajector is harvested in the field after the first irrigation.

Precautions:

Immediately put the mixture of various fertilizers made for use, otherwise keeping them in place will make fertilizers digested and plants will not get the same amount. Take the shimmer of fertilizers in the evening.

Mustard netting (topping):

When the mustard is about 30-35 days and at the initial stage of flowering, the mustard plants should be broken from thin wood to the top of the main stem. This process increases the growth of the main stem and increases the number of branches which increase the yield by about 10 to 15 percent.

Irrigation:

Irrigation at reasonable time has increased by 25-50 percent in production. This crop benefits 1-2 irrigation.

Toria:

The first irrigation in the crop of Toria will be beneficial on the 20-25 days of the sowing (fall start) and the second irrigation at the stage of filling the granule in the pod on 50-55 days.

Mustard:

If the sow of the mustard is given without any foliage, first irrigation should be done on 30-35 days of sowing. After this, if the weather is dry, that is not watered, so as to irrigate the pod at the stage of 60-70 days of sowing, at the time of developing the pod or filling the pod. In the bilateral area where the harvest of mustard is sown in the irrigation stage, there should be 40-45 days of sowing of the first irrigation harvest and 75-80 days when the second irrigation is not mashed.

Irrigation method and irrigation water volume:

Irrigation should be done by the bar method in the crop of rye-sores. Irrigation water distribution is uniformly used by irrigation by making 4-6m lead strip as per farm shield and length and irrigation water is used by crop. Keep in mind that the depth of irrigation water is not more than 6-7 cm.

Plant Protection:
Coordinated sleep management:
Nidai-Gudai (Ninda Control):

It is beneficial to keep the crop free of sleep only in the prerequisite stage in order to obtain a full yield.
Immediately after the sowing of the crop, the amount of 1.0 Kg of the chemical called Pendimethylin dissolves in 600 liters of water and sneezes at a rate of per hectare. Use a sleep killer in case of sufficient moisture in the field. After that, if you sleep, remove them by condemnation.

Coordinated Disease Control:
Mustard White Ratua or White Kitt Disease and Control
Description Photo

White Ratua disease is often found in all places, when the temperature stays around 10-18 ° C, white blisters are formed on the lower surface of the leaves of plants. Increased concentration of the disease, as well as these are visible to irregular shape together. Dark brown spots appear on the look of the leaf from the top. In the overdose of the disease, sometimes the disease appears to be bloated on flowers and pods.

Determination:
Sowing on time (1-20 October). Seed treatment Metalycg (Apron 35SD) at a rate of 6 g per kg seed. Keep the crop weed and destroy the crop atrophy. Do not irrigate more.
Ridomil m jer 72 WP or Mencozeb dissolved in 1250 g per 500 liters of water and spray 2 on a 10 day interval to a 45 and 55 day harvest.

Mustard blossom or black smear disease and control
Description Photo

Round brown spots appear on the leaves. Then these spots dissolve the leaf together in themselves and the central rings appear in the stains. Dark brown spots are spread on stems, branches and legumes when the disease grows. These patches are round and long on the stem. The rash of the diseased legumes is shrinked and the amount of oil decreases.

Control:
Seedling Maincojeve or thyme 3 grams per kg seed rate.
On the commencement of the disease, apply the maincozeb solution for 2.5 g per liter of water and spray 2 to 3 on a harvest of 45, 55 and 65 days from a gap of 10 days.

Mustard stem rot or polio disease and control
Description Photo

In the lower part of the stem matmele or brown spots appear. The disease thrives only after flowering on the crop. Often, the spots are covered with white nets like Rui. In excess of the disease, the plant is covered by a snatch or broken downward.
Black sclerosia appears when the diseased plant is raged.

Control:
Use healthy and certified seeds.
Seedling 3 grams of carbendazim at seed rate per kg.
Mix deep in the summer and destroy the remains of the crop.
Do not put more nitrogen than the recommendation.
Keep proper distance between queues and plants in the crop. Don’t keep the harvest dense.
Spray on the leaves and stems twice in an interval of 10 days at the stage of the carbendazim drug flower at a rate of 0.1 percent from the outbreak of the disease.

Coordinated Insect Control:
Mustard Chitrabra (Patented Bug) Insect and Control
Description Photo

This chicobra insect damages the smallest plants of the primary state crop, both the mature and the shishhu sucks the juice from the plants so that the plants die. This pest harms much in March month at the time of sowing and harvesting.

 

Control:
In the summer of the farm should be deep mobilized.
After 3-4 weeks of sowing when the insect outbreaks, the first irrigation should be done so that the pests that remain in the cracks of the soil die.
If there is an outbreak in the small crop, then take Kinalphas 1.5 percent dust at a rate of 15-20 kg per hectare. 500ml of Melathian 50 E.C. at the time of excessive outbreak Spray the volume at a rate of 500 liters of water per hectare.

Mustard Funpa Lasa or Mahu Pest and Control
Description Photo

This is the major insect of rye mustard. This pest usually appears at the end of December and the outbreak is higher in January. This insect sucks the baby and adult plant juice and harms the crop. This pest removes honeybees which leads to an invasion of black fungus and reduces yield. It highly increases insect low temperature and 60-80 percent humidity.

Control:
The sowing of the crop should be done (between 1 to 15 October).
Breaking the twigs of the crop containing chap can prevent the multiplication of chap. Spraying of 5 percent solution of Neem Khali is impressive for destination.
Oxydematan methyl 25 E.C. or dimethoate 30 E.C. 500 ml liters of drug should be sprayed in 500 liters of water and sprayed per hectare.

Spraying should do at the time of the evening.

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