Chana is the major Dawani crop of the Indian subcontinent that is grown in the semi-silk tropical regions. Cheese Crops For Vegetarian LogoA. Protein yieldThe minimum source is cultivated in India at 7.54 million hectares in the area, making 7.62 k/h. The average value of 5.75 million tonnes receives yield.
It is mainly used in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. The most populous area in India is Madhya Pradesh. Chana is cultivated in the plain district of the state of Chhattisgarh.
Climate for cultivating lime
Medium rain and winter areas are most suitable for cultivated cultivation. It is a dry and cold climate harvest, grown in the rabi season. Raining is harmful after flowering in the crop, as the pollination of the flower caused by rains cling to each other, the problem arises in creating the resulting seeds. 24-300 Celsius temperature is considered appropriate for its cultivation. The temperature of about 300 Celsius is good when donated. The direct effect of the temperature fluctuations appears on production.
Farm Selection and Preparation
चने की खेती हल्की से भारी भूमियों में की जाती है। किन्तु अधिक जल धारण एवं उचित जल निकास वाली भूमियॉ सर्वोत्तम रहती हैं। इस फसल की खेती दोमट से मटियार भूमियों में भी सफलता पूर्वक किया जा सकता है। जबकि मृदा का पी.एच. मान 6.0 से 7.5 उपयुक्त माना जाता है। अंसिचित अवस्था में मानसून शुरू होने से पूर्व एक गहरी जुताई करने से रबी के लिए भी नमी संरक्षण होता है। मिट्टी जनिक व्याधिकारकों की रोकथाम एक लिए गर्मियों में मिट्टी पलटने वाले हल से एक गहरी जुताई कर देनी चाहिए। इससे मिट्टी का वातन अच्छी तरह होता है, साथ ही जड़ विकास भी पूर्णरूप सी होता है। बुवाई से पहले एक बार डिस्क हैरो और उसके बाद 2 से 3 बार कल्टीवेटर से जुताई करके पाटा लगाकर खेत समतल कर लेना चाहिए। दीमक प्रभावित खेतों में क्लोरपायरीफास 20 EC की 2.5 लीटर को 20 किलोग्राम रेत में मिला कर प्रातो हेक्टेयर की दर बिखेर देना चाहिए, इससे कटुआ कीट पर भी प्रबंधन होता है।
Recommended tasting varieties for Bihar
- Gujarat Gram – 4 (GCP- 105) : This distinction is dark brown. The harvest is prepared in about 30 to 13 days. The yield capacity of which is about 18 to 20 wells.
- KPG – 59 (Head): This is the prerequisite of large donations to be late. In addition to the dry inertia, Sadan and Ukathadi, the pod also exhibits tolerance to the piety. This distinction is prepared from 135 to 140 days and about 20 wells. yields.
- Pusa – 372 (BG – 372) : It is a distinction of small granules of light brown, which is tolerant to the light, dry root rot and waterfall. This variety is ripe in about 135 to 150 days, thus yielding 21 to 23 kundal per hectare.
- KWR – 108 : This differentiation is small and light, brown. which is tolerant to the Uktha disease. This variety is prepared in 30 to 13 days. It is about 20 to 23 wells.
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It can be cultivated only in irrigation. The impact of weather fluctuations in this chest cultivation is high, consequently in the geographical conditions of the state of Bihar, its cultivation is not found to be reasonably encouraged. Some of the strains developed for the State of Bihar are as follows:
- Hariana Kabuli Chana – 2 (HK – 94–1335): This distinction is tolerant to the higher, dry root rot and coaler Sadan. Those who are prepared in 13 to 14 days and on average 12 to 16 wells. yields.
- BG – 1003 (Pusa Kabuli) : This is the distinction of white and large granules that are tolerant to the high fortune. It is a variety of ripening in 140 to 150 days. Its yield capacity from 19 to 19 kg/h. is.
Time of Chewing Sowing
Crops can be sowing from the last week of October to the second week of November. Areas in which vegetative growth is high can be delayed from one to two weeks. In the irrigation zones, the harvesting of the crop should be done before sowing.
Seed rate in the harvest
75-80kg/h for timely sowing Be sure to use 80-90kg/h (cabully), while in case of late sowing, 80-90kg/h (native) and 100-120kg/h (cabully) seeds.
Method of Gana Sowing
Seeds should be sown only in rows. The row distance from row to row for the harvest should be 30-45 cm. While the plant distance should be 10-15 cm (depending on the variety of seeds). The seeds should not sow more than 5-6 cm deeper Otherwise there is an adverse effect on the deposition of seeds.
Crop Systems in Cultivation
Cough cultivation can be carried out as a variety of crop systems such as: end: crop, mixed crop, relay crop or single crop. In some parts of North India, including Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the stem is grown as an end:Pasal (6:2) with mustard. It is better to put it after every tenth row of pasting alsey or coriander. The end of the linseed:Facial is helpful in reducing the prevalence of the fifty and gray fungus, while the end of the funds decreases the prevalence of the pod piercing insect As well as the natural enemy of this pest attracts on the crop.
Seed Treatment
Seed treatment is necessary to protect the crop from seed and soil-borne infections. Make sure to treat the crop at a rate of trichoderma @ 5.0 g/kg or carbendazim @ 2.0 g/kg or diathene m - 45 @ 2.0 g/kg seed to protect the crop from fungal diseases. The farms that are being grown for the first time, after the treatment of phungunashi and insecticide, it is beneficial to treat phizovium or memorizobium as well as bacteria that make phsphate soluble @ 5.0 g/kg seed. Meditation should be taken from Rhizovium to sowing seeds within three hours of treatment.
Manure & Fertilizer in Cheese
It is extremely beneficial to use organic and chemical fertilizers in a balanced merely, like other crops. To obtain better yield, 5 tons of composts or composts of gober should be given at the rate of farm preparations per hectare, while 20 kg of nitrogen, 50 kg of spur, 20 kg of potassium and 20 kg of sulfur should be used per hectare. The entire amount of fertilizer remains advantageous to give at a depth of 5-7 cm below the seeds in the kund at the time of sowing. With a mixed crop, the crop does not have the ability to separate manure.
Organic Fertilizer in Chana Crop
The latest research has revealed that Piriformaspora works like Indica, VA Mycorrhiza. With its other fertilizers, the production has increased by about 25-27 percent. The ryezobacteria that promotes plant growth is the microorganism that increases the absorption capacity of nutrients by staying in ryezosphair and also increases the growth process of plants by producing antbiotics, antifungal and growth hormone, etc.
Irrigation in the harvest
Usually the chute is cultivated in the undenatured state. Low water is required for the harvest of the stem. The basis of water availability in the chest should be done after 45 days after the sowing of the first irrigation flowers, i.e. 75 days after sowing, on the second irrigation granule filling stage.
Nashiv management in the harvest
East of sowing
The prevention of major pests (e.g.: pod strainer, Katuwa, Dimak, etc.) and diseases (e.g.: Ukatha, original ignition, Escocacita Blight, Botritis Grey Mold, Color Rawat, Dry Root Rawat, etc.) before the sowing of the crop can be done as follows: 1. In the summer season, mix the fields deeper, 2. Treat the seed of gober manure or numeral, 3. Ensure the sowing of the entire village or area in the shortest days, 4. In order to transplant the ball flower on the foliage of the main crop, 5. Alsi, foliage, celes.
Determination of germination
The outbreak of the original wiglan and Ukatha disease is higher in this habit of the crop. The plant falls yellow before the infection of this disease, then the drying dies. Crops from spores are largely avoided by being infected. Despite this, if some plants are prone, they should be destroyed by root so that they cannot expand their pathogens through sitch water. There is also a common problem in this stage of the outbreak crop in some farms. After the germination of the gidar plants of this pest, cut off the surface of the soil. Kalorpirifas 20 Ec @ 8.0ml/15ml for prevention of this pest The solution in water should be sowing together with a kilogram of seeds.
Vegetarian growth stage
The major weeds that grow in this stage of harvest are as follows: Buthua, pink flowers, wild carrots, onions, motha, milk, acarry, wild cabbage, bunpatiya grass, bunlia, krishnanil or cats, wild mustard, wild shawls, wild radish, goose grass, chauffeur, chicory, clover, buckoni or kursa, muno, turpot or raspberries, etc. The prevention of weeds that grow in the crop is better to be taken in the early stages. Pendymethlin 1.0 liters of cyclic elements per hectare should be filtered within 2-3 days of sowing rate. In addition, on the basis of the number of weeds, sowing 25-30 and 50-60 days after the suffocation of the field and suffice the field.
The stage of inflorescences and pods in the harvest
चने की फसल को फली भेदक कीट के साथ अन्य कीटो से बचाव के लिए खेतों में टी (T) आकर के 20 खूंटों को प्रति हेक्टेयर की दर से लगाना चाहिए, जो इस कीटों के शिकारी पंक्षियों को बैठने के लिए आकर्षित करती हैं। पर्यावरण के लिए सुरक्षित कीटनाशकों जैसे: एच.ए.एन.पी.वी. (HaNPV) 250 LE (POB 5X1011/ml) या बेसिलस थुरीनजेनसिस (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki) @ 1.0-1.5 कि.ग्रा./हे. या नीम के बीज कर्नेल का सत (NSKE) 5% या नीम का तेल 0.03% या वीवेरिया बेसियाना (Beauveria bassiana) @ 1.0 कि.ग्रा./हे. की दर उपयोग करें, जिससे हानिकारक कीटों प्राकृतिक शत्रु सुरक्षित एवं स्वश्थ रहें। उपरोक्त उपाय के बाद भी यदि कीटो की संख्या आर्थिक क्षति स्तर तक पहुँचने की संभावना हो तो इमामेक्टीन बेंजोएट 5 SG @ 0.2 ग्रा./ली. पानी या राइनेक्सीपीर 50 EC @ 0.15 मि.ली./ली. पानी या डाइफ्लूओबेन्जूराँन 25 WP @ 2.0 ग्रा./ली. पानी या क्लोरेंट्रानिलीप्रोले 18.5 SC @ 0.15 मि.ली./ली. पानी की दर से घोल बनाकर छिडकाव करना चाहिए।
Yield and storage of stems
चने की शुध्द फसल को प्रति हेक्टेयर लगभग 20-25 कुन्तल दाना एवं इतना ही भूसा प्राप्त होता है। काबूली चने की पैदावार देशी चने से तुलना में थोडा सा कम देती है। धूप में सूखे बीज को भण्डारण से पूर्व कुछ समय के लिए छावं में रखना चाहिए तथा बीज को अधिक समय के लिए खुले में नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए। नए बीज को भण्डारण में पहले से उपस्थित दाल भृंग (घुन) लगे हुए बीज के साथ नहीं करना चाहिए। भण्डारण पात्र या भण्डारण गृह को पहले अच्छी तरह साफ कर लेना चाहिए एवं दीवारों पर चूने से पुताई कर देना चाहिए। भण्डारण गृह एवं भण्डारण पात्र का ध्रुमण नीम की पत्तियों के धुयें से करना चाहिए साथ ही भण्डारण पात्र की तली में तथा ऊपर नीम की सूखी पत्तियां डाल देनी चाहिए। खाद्य तेलों जैसे: सरसों, मूगफली, नारियल, सूर्यमूखी, तिल तथा सोयाबिन या कुछ अन्य सक्रिय पदार्थों जैसे: शरीफा चूर्ण या नीम के बीज का चूर्ण या लहसून का चूर्ण @ 8-10 ग्रा./कि.ग्रा. बीज की दर से मिलाने से घुन के प्रकोप से बचा जा सकता है।
