| Ginger-General Introduction |
The word ‘Adarak’ originated from the stringavera of the Sanskrit language, which means a body like a horn or a barah Sindha. Ginger is mainly harvested in the tropics. It probably originated in India or China in Southern and East Asia. In other languages of India, ginger is known to be different names such as Adu (Gujarati), Ale (Marathi), Aida (Bengali), Illam (Tamil), Alu (Telgu), Alla (Canad) and Ginger (Hindi, Punjabi) etc. Ginger has been used as spices, fresh vegetables and medicines since the pre-China period. Now ginger is used as ornamental plants as well. Ginger has different colours. The color of the ginger of the deposit is light pink, african ginger (light green). |
| Botanical Introduction |
| Ginger (Ginger) is the Botanical name of Jinjiber Ophesinell (Zingiber officinale) which deals with the Janjiberaceae family. About 150 species of ginger are found to be heated up to Asia and East Asia. The importance of the Jinjiberaceae family is high as it is also called "Majal family". In addition to ginger, other spices are harvested in this family such as turmeric, cardamom, large cardamom etc. Some of the common species of the same family are also found in Alpinea (Alpinia) Amom (Amomum). |
| Delivery |
| The area of ginger cultivation in India is 136 thousand hectares that are prominent in other spices produced. India is a major source of foreign exchange. Completes a half of ginger produced in the whole world. Light ginger in India is mainly cultivated as the main business crop in Kerala, Udysa, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Western Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Kerala is ranked first in producing ginger in the country. |
| Field of Ginger in India, Production and Productivity |
| Year |
AreaContact)000 |
Production (Matrik Ton) |
Productivity (MT/Hect.) |
| 2009-2010 |
107.5 |
585.5 |
2.6 |
| 2010-2011 |
149.1 |
702.0 |
4.7 |
| 2011-2012 |
155.0 |
756.0 |
4.9 |
| 2012-2013 |
136.0 |
683.0 |
5.0 |
|
|
| Production and Productivity of Ginger in M.P. |
| Year |
AreaContact)000 |
Production (Matrik Ton) |
Productivity (MT/Hect.) |
| 2011-2012 |
9.00 |
15.00 |
166 |
| 2012-2013 |
9.00 |
15.00 |
166 |
|
| Utilities |
| Ginger has been used as spices, medicines and fendal ingredients in our daily lives. Try to create fragrances, ginger is used in many addicts other than tea. The cough in winter is made in colds etc. Ginger is used as a stalk. Ginger tail, powder and aglyorgin are also used in medicines
As medicines- Used in the manufacture of medicines for cold-jump, cough, loss of blood, stones, liver growth, jaundice, abdominal diseases, vabasic, rectum and air patients.
As Spices- Raw and dry ginger are used in chutney, jelly, vegetable, sorbet, laddu, licking, etc.
In cosmetics- Ginger oil, paste, powder and cream are used to make. |
| Production technology |
| Climate:- Ginger is cultivated in places with warm and humidity. During medium rain sowing, it is necessary to accumulate ginger knots. After this, Thora is required to increase more rain plants and a month prior dry season of its excavation. For successful cultivation of agti voowi or planting ginger are essential. It can be cultivated with good yield in areas with 1500-1800 mm annual rainfall. But in proper water exhaust-free places there is a huge loss of cultivation. Average temperature can be carried out at a place of 25°Centigrade, 35°Centigrade temperature in heats, as an intermittent crop in its cultivation gardens.
Land:- Ginger cultivated muslim with a high amount of fossil or organic matter, the land is most suitable. Soil P.S.Mal 5-6 These 6 .5 good water exhaust lands are best for more yield of ginger. Frequent harvesting on the same land leads to increased land-borne diseases and pests. Therefore, the crop should be adopted. Avoiding proper water exhaust does not lead to the development of tubers.
Farming Preparation:- March – After the deep tillage soil rebounds of the farm in April, leave the farm for open sunlight. In the month of May, the disks are raised from the arrow or rotavator to make the soil irritable. In the recommended amount of diver’s rotten manure or compost and Neem’s Khali in the field, the farm should be leveled by the harvester or the country’s solution for 2-3 times. According to the facility of Sichai and the method of sowing, the prepared farm should be taken in small-sixed cages. Fertilizers should use the recommended amount at the time of final tillage. The remaining fertilizers should be avoided in a vertical crop.
Quantity of seeds:- The selection of ginger tubers should be harvested by marking the plants in a harvest of 6-8 months for seeds. 2-5 cm of good price. Lambe tubers weighing 20-25 gms and at least three knots. The seed treatment should be used only after the mankojev is mildew.
Sowing time:- Ginger’s bibai is made in April – May as a monsoon crop in South India which is capped in December. While ginger is a dry field crop in Central and North India. Those who are timeable from April to June months. The most appropriate time is from 15 May to 30 May. After 15th June, the tubers begin to rot and the effects on germination are worse. The yield is found to be more than 200% on the first group of April in Kerala. The higher yield of Wuwi in the same sitch regions was obtained from the sown between February and an increase of 80% in the deposit of the tubers. Get the best production in ginger to be brewed around 15 March in the Hill Areas
Quantity of seeds:- The selection of ginger tubers should be harvested by marking the plants in a harvest of 6-8 months for the seeds. 2-5 cm of good price. Lambe Kannada whose forests should be 20-25 gram and with at least three knots. The seed treatment should be used only after the mankozhev is mildew. Ginger 20-25 Kuntal flour/is seed rate is suitable. And the number of plants is 140000. 15-18 K./s in the field run. The amount of seeds can be selected. Because of the cost of ginger 40-46: The portion falls into the seeds, the choice of the volume of the vegg, according to the size of the species, region and plants should be done. |
| Sowing method and seed and garry interval |
| The leaves should be sown at an interval of 40 cm. In order to soothe the gum or the humble method. The leaves should be sown at a depth of 5 cm. Afterwards, the manure or soil should be covered. If you have to plant a queue 30 cm and plant it with seedlings 20 cm. Ginger seedlings 15*15-Aug-2017*40 Or 25*30cm. Also can. Ginger veggies or plantings are carried out by the leveling raw garry, med-groove etc. method according to the ground condition or water air type.
(a) Level method:- Light and gradient are planted or brewed by a flat method in the land. 5-6 cm deep groove is made from kudali or native solution for water exhaust in farming. The tubers in these drains are planted according to a distance of 15-20 cm. And after two months of planting, it is beneficial to make the mednaly method of planting.
(b) Higher Clarinet Method:- 1 in this method*3m sized ears are made from ground to 20cm .with each earring for 50cm .Chard drain water exhaust. After roasting, the drains are in the swear of the sitch. At a distance of 30g20 cm in these shallow ears, 5-6 cm . . Сountry the tubers. This method is good for heavy lands.
(c)Sand groove method:- This method can be used in all types of lands. 60 or 40 cm in the finished farm. At a distance of the mesh groove can be constructed with a solution or cut from the shovel. Depth of seeds is 5-6 cm. |
| Preparation of nurseries for planting:- |
| If there is no water availability, ginger nurseries prepare. One month in the nursery is kept for germination. To prepare a ginger nursery, the seeds or tubers should be filled with a mixture of gober rotten manure and sand (50:50) with a mixture of ready-made seeds and sprinkled in the morning. When the germination of the tubers and the deposits from the roots begin, he must plant with the rain of the monsoon in the main farm. |
|
| Seed Treatment: - |
| Prakand seeds are required to be treated at the time of planting and planting in the field. In order to treat seeds (Iconzeb.Metalaxil) or 3 grams of carbendazim should be diluted with water per liter of water for 30 minutes. As well as streptocycline hy-planto mysine also adds a volume of 5 g to 20 liters of water to prevent bacterial diseases. When treated in a water solution, mix it in the same proportion and again the amount of the drug. After the treatment of four times again, mix new solutions. After the treatment, sow the seeds after a while. |
| The effect of the ambala:- |
| Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 And the quality of the tubers has also been improved. Crop system:- To reduce the disease and pests of ginger crop and keep the balance between soil nutrients. Ginger can be grown in sprinkled land with pan, turmeric, onion, garlic, chilly other vegetables, sugarcane, corn and peanuts. Precipitation accompanies potato, rutti, chilly, coriander or in the crop cycle alone in 3-4 years in a more compact environment. Ginger crops can be grown as an intervertebral crop in old gardens. Maize 5-6kg/acre .They need 10-15kg/acre seed in taking the interlock crop with maize or kidney. Maize and kidney ginger harvest shades. and maize 6-7 k/acre and 2k/acre. |
| Effect of shadow:- |
| Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 And the quality of the tubers has also been improved. |
| Crop System:- |
| To reduce the disease and pests of ginger crop and keep the balance between soil nutrients. Ginger can be grown in sintered land with Pan, Turmeric, Onion, Garlic, Chili other vegetables, Sugarcane, Maize and peanuts. Precipitation accompanies potato, rutti, chilly, coriander or in the crop cycle alone in 3-4 years in a more compact environment. Ginger crops can be grown as an intervertebral crop in old gardens. Maize 5-6kg/acre .They need 10-15kg/acre seed in taking the interlock crop with maize or kidney. Maize and kidney ginger harvest shades. and maize 6-7 k/acre and 2k/acre. Maize 5-6kg/acre .They need 10-15kg/acre seed in taking the interlock crop with maize or kidney. Maize and kidney ginger harvest shades. and maize 6-7 k/acre and 2k/acre. |
| Current:- |
| Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 At the time of planting it will harm the heat and moisture of the land. That makes germination good. There is no weeding and rainfall. The traces of Dhak, Mango, Shilam, Banana or Sugarcane can also be used immediately after planting. 10-12 tons or dry leaves are 5-6 tons/s. After 40 days and 90 days of planting the half of it, the whole of the plant can be used as per availability of paver’s roti manure and leaves. Black pallithene can also be used in farming. Nidai, goodness and soil digestion are also good incontinence on yield. All these tasks should be done together. |
| Nidai, Goodai and Soil Plating:- |
| If the weeds do not grow in the field due to palpation, they should be removed, twice after 3-5 months. As well as the soils will be covered. When the plant is 20-25 cm, it is necessary to loose the soil on their roots. This leads to soil damage. And the size of the earth is large, and the air in the land is good. When ginger starts to become a tuber, the roots have some bats. They want to cut off the scraper, so that they can get bigger size. |
| Nutrient Management |
| Ginger is a long-term crop. which requires more nutrients. Fertilizers should be used after soil testing. When preparing the farm, the compost of 250-300 kuntal ha should be normally spread in the field of roti hu gober or compost. At the time of planting the plant is 20 Kuntal/. The problem of block and formula worm or land-strength diseases is reduced by m. The amount of rosary fertilizers should be reduced by 20 if the compost or compost of gober is poured. The amount of confined fertilizers is 75 kg. inference, kg. compostas and 50 kg. .potash/ha. These fertilizers would like to put the decomposed amount (table) each time after the fertilizer is poured 6 kg in the soil above it. The yield is well obtained by pouring (30 kg .zinc sulfate). |
| Details of fertilizers for cultivation of ginger (per hectare) |
| Fertilizer |
Basic Use |
40 days after |
90 days after |
| English |
– |
37.5kg. |
37.5 kg. |
| Phosphorus |
50kg |
– |
– |
| Potash |
149.1 |
|
4.7 |
| Compost Gober’s Manure |
250 |
300 K. |
25kg. |
| Neem Khali |
2 ton |
– |
– |
|
| Selection of advanced species |
| Species grown in various territories of India |
| No. |
State |
Name of the species |
Characteristics |
| 1. |
Assam |
Bella Ada, Moron Ada, Caste Ada |
Used for small size tubers and pharmaceutical use |
| 2. |
Arunachal Pradesh |
Keki, Market Local Naga Singh, |
More Fiberglass & Sugar |
| 3. |
manipur |
Naga Singh, Thanipuri |
More Fiberglass & Fragrance |
| 4. |
Nagaland |
Vichy, Nadia |
For Sooth and Dry Ginger |
| 5. |
meghalaya |
Sih Boi, Singh Bhuker, Kashi |
Pharmaceutical Best Ginger |
| 6. |
Major |
Local,Tura,Thing Pud,Tigangirao |
Fiberglass-free and very variable ginger |
| 7. |
sikkim |
Persian |
More yield |
|
| Various species based on yield, filament and dry ginger |
| No. |
Major Species |
Average output (kg/h) |
Filament(%) |
Dry Ginger(%) |
| 1. |
Rio-de-Jinerio |
29350 |
5.19 |
16.25 |
| 2. |
China |
25150 |
3.43 |
15.00 |
| 3. |
Hit |
23225 |
10.04 |
22.10 |
| 4. |
Tingpuri |
24475 |
7.09 |
20.00 |
| 5. |
Nadia |
23900 |
8.13 |
20.40 |
| 6. |
Narasspatnam |
18521 |
4.64 |
21.90 |
| 7. |
Yanad |
17447 |
4.32 |
17.81 |
| 8. |
Factors |
12190 |
7.78 |
23.12 |
| 9. |
Wengar |
10277 |
4.63 |
25.00 |
| 10 |
Arnad Manjar |
12074 |
2.43 |
21.25 |
| 11 |
Wardwin |
14439 |
2.22 |
21.90 |
|
| Major Species as per fresh ginger, orgin, oil, filament, dried ginger and lipak period |
| Species |
Name of the species |
Circuit Period (Day) |
Ole Orgin (%) |
Oil(%) |
Filament(%) |
Dry Ginger(%) |
| I.I.S.R. (Ranjata) |
23.2 |
300 |
300 |
1.7 |
3.3 |
23 |
| English |
22.4 |
200 |
200 |
2.4 |
4.0 |
19 |
| Verdha (ISR) |
22.6 |
200 |
6.7 |
1.8 |
4.5 |
20.7 |
| SUPPORT |
16.6 |
229 |
8.9 |
1.9 |
4.4 |
20.5 |
| English |
17.5 |
225 |
10.2 |
2.1 |
4.0 |
23.5 |
| Сountry |
11.6 |
218 |
10.0 |
2.0 |
3.8 |
23.5 |
| Snowy |
13.5 |
230 |
4.5 |
1.6 |
6.4 |
20.6 |
| Rio-de-Jinerio |
17.6 |
190 |
10.5 |
2.3 |
5.6 |
20.0 |
| Glory (ISR) |
22.4 |
200 |
19.0 |
6.0 |
2.36 |
9.0 |
|
| Name of species based on different use |
| No. |
Usage |
Name of the species |
| 1. |
For dry ginger |
Agile, Nadia, Maran, Rio-D-Generio |
| 2. |
For Oil |
Slava, Narassapatam, Vruasagar, Vasi Local, Anid Chennadi |
| 3. |
For Olerigin |
Ernad, Chernad, China, Rio-D-Jinerio |
| 4. |
For raw ginger |
Rio-de-Jinerio, China, Wayanad Local, Maran, Vardha |
|
| Insect blocking.Sound-tolerant Species |
| No. |
Symptoms of keto |
Species |
Characteristics |
| 1. |
Tana Piercing |
Rio-de-Jinerio |
Endurance |
| 2. |
Kannada Scale |
Wild-21, Anamika |
Less affected |
| 3. |
Desertation Insect Wordha, |
ACC No. 215, 212 |
Resistant |
| 4. |
STUDIO (OTHER) |
Valuvanad, Tura and S.P.ACC No. 36, 59 and 221 |
Low impact resistant |
|
| Useful chemical for gingercancer disease, the amount of pulmonary nashi |
| No. |
Name of the disease |
Falunanda Nashi |
Management |
| 1. |
Сountry |
Mancojev |
2 ml. dissolve in water per liter. |
| 2. |
Uketha or jaundice |
Mancojev + Matallaxil |
3ml. dissolve in water per liter of water and treat the condense or drain into the khadi harvest. |
| 3. |
Kannada |
Mancojev + Matallaxil |
3ml. dissolve in water per liter of water and make the condenser treated or draining into the khadi harvest. |
| 4. |
Bacteria Uketha |
Streppocykilin |
Treat the solution of 200 PN. |
|
|
| Chemical useful for harmful pests of ginger, the amount of pesticides |
| No. |
Pest Name |
Insecticide |
Management |
| 1. |
Banana months |
Chloropyrifos |
2 ml. Water per liter |
| 2. |
chinese rose breeze |
Chloropyrifos (5%) dust |
25kg/h. In the field of Wuwi |
| 3. |
Ginger mite |
Chloropyrifos (5%)Dust |
25kg/h. In the field of Wuwi |
| 4. |
Turmeric Kannada Shulk |
Chlorpyrifos (5%) |
25kg/h. In the field of Wuwi |
| 5. |
Niger Schulk |
Quinalfoss Dust |
For 20 minutes, treat the tubers first of the veneer and the veteran |
| 6. |
Cardamom Thrips |
Dimethoate |
2ml/li. Spray with water |
| 7. |
Tempting Holes |
Dimethoate |
Spray with 2ml/lit water |
| 8. |
Leaf Modak |
Dimethoate |
Spray with 2ml/lit water |
|
| Excavator:- |
| Ginger excavations should be taken after planting about 8-9 months when the leaves gradually begin to dry. Delaying from digging leads to a decrease in the quality and storage capacity of the pulses, and germination of the pulses at the time of storage. Digging can be done with the help of kudali or shoved. When digging in a very dry and moisture environment, damages the yield so as not to dig in such a time. After digging, the soil and ginger should be cleaned with the leaves. If the ginger is to be used as a vegetable, the excavation would like to be excavated within 6 months of planting. Water should be washed and dry in the sun for a day. Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 To prevent the invasion of micro-organisms, as well as the storage capacity. Salted ginger can be prepared by digging over 170-180 days after more late sun fresh ginger (low fibrous). After washing the soft ginger, 30 per cent of the solution in which 1% of the citric acid is prepared. The sum of experimentation and storage after 14 days. |
| Stores |
| In order to create and store fresh products, when ginger is hard, low bitterness and low-risket, it comes first to mature. Ginger for dry spices and oil would like to dig up when matured If the pus of the mature stage remain pud in the land, then it will reduce the amount of oil and the amount of oil and the excess of the rosary will be made. After 150-170 days to make oil and fennel, digest from the land. Time of maturity of ginger depends on the type of land and the species. Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 The seeds should not be digested from the land until the above portion is complete with the petals for use because dry leaves work in a manner. Or by removing the land and treating the fungus with sapphire and insect sapphire, dry in the shade and suffocate the medicine from above. |
| Yield- |
| As fresh green ginger, 100-150 g is obtained. After dryness, which falls to 20-25 cu. The average yield can be achieved by the use of advanced variety and good management to 300k/h. For this, the ginger has to leave for 3-4 weeks in the field, making the upper layer of the tubers cooked. And it becomes thicker. |
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