मिर्च की खेती उष्ण कटिबंधीय भागों में की जाती है| मिर्च को मसाले, सब्जी के अलावा औषधि, सॉस तथा अचार के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है| इसमें विटामिन ‘ए’ और ‘सी’, फॉस्फोरस और कैल्शियम प्रचुर मात्रा में पाये जाते हैं| भारत में मुख्य उत्पादन वाले राज्य आंध्र प्रदेश, कर्नाटक, महाराष्ट्र, उडीसा, तामिलनाडु एवं राजस्थान है| मिर्च में तीखापन इस में विद्यमान रसायन कैप्सेइसिन के कारण होता है| मिर्च में तीखापन व सुगंध के कारण इसका उपयोग मुख्यत: मसाले के रूप में होता है, जो भोजन को उचित तीखापन देने के साथ-साथ पाचनशीलता भी बढ़ाता है| मिर्च में पाये जाने वाले तीखे पदार्थ केप्सेइसिन की दवाई व सौन्दर्य प्रसाधन उद्योग में भी भारी मांग है|
Chili is an important cashew crop for farmers| Shimla pepper for vegetable, thick red chili for pickling, green chili for salads and dry red chili for spices are profitable| Farmers should cultivate from its scientific technology as per its importance| To achieve maximum yield from its crop| Detailed mention of how to cultivate pepper in this article|
Suitable Climate
Hot and humid climates are beneficial for pepper harvest| It is harmful to both cold and heat.| It can be easily cultivated in every type of climate| Can also be easily grown in areas with 100 centimeter rainfall for rain-based crop| 17 to 21 degrees centigarate temperature for germination to get good production of pepper| Warm winds are harmful when flowering and fruiting in the pepper crop| Peel outbreak is higher on the pepper| So, its agati crop can be harvested in the areas of the fall|
Land selection
Chili can be produced in all types of land with good water-nickas| Yet the fossilized dome or the mulu mittty in which the amount of organic matter is higher is the most nuisance.| Land containing salts and alkalis is not suitable for this| Land with salts affects its germination and early development| The pH value of the mittty for pepper is 6.5 to 7.5 optimal, but it can also be grown in the mittty with 8 pH value (Vertisols)|
Advanced varieties
It is possible to carry the production in accordance with the capacity of normal and hybrid varieties for the advanced harvest of pepper.| When appropriate management and favourable water and soil are available for it and the prevalent variety of its region| So farmers should choose the prevalent and maximum yielding variety of their sector| With anti-disorder ability in varieties is also necessary| Some prevalent common and hybrid varieties are as follows:
Spiced varieties– Pusa Flame, Pant C-1, N P-46A, Jahar Chili-148, Kalyanpur Chaman, Bhagwan Lakshmi, Archo-Lohit, Punjab Red, Andhra Jyoti and Jahar Chili-283 etc. are prominent|
Pickled varieties– Kelifornia Wonder, Teanaise Giant, Yellow Wonder, Hybrid India, Arka Mohini, Arka Gaurav, Arka Meghana, Arka Basant, City, Kashi Arli, Tejaswini, Arka Harit and Poosa Evergreen (LG-1) etc. is headed by|
Yield/production (QV/O) – Kashi Anmol (Avail 250 q/o), Kashi Vishwanath (Avail 220 q/o), Jawahar Chili - 283 (Avail 80 q/o Green Chili) Jawahar Chili -218 (Avail 18-20 q/o Dry Chili.) Select Arsa Sufal (Avail 250 q/o) and hybrid variety Kashi Arli (Avail 300-350 q/o), Kashi Surkh or Kashi Harita (Avail 300 q/o.) HPH-1900, 2680, Ujala and US-611, 720 hybrid varieties of Public Sector are being cultivated.
Kashi Anmol (Avail 250 q/o), Kashi Vishwanath (Avail 220 q/o), Jawahar Chili - 283 (Avail 80 q/o Green Chili) Jawahar Chili -218 (Avail 18-20 q/o Dry Chili.) Select Arsa Sufal (Avail 250 q/o) and hybrid variety Kashi Arli (Avail 300-350 q/o), Kashi Surkh or Kashi Harita (Avail 300 q/o.) HPH-1900, 2680, Ujala and US-611, 720 hybrid varieties of Public Sector are being cultivated.
Seed Rate
The amount of 250 to 350 grams of seeds from 1.0 to 1.50 kg of o-p varieties of pepper and 250 of hybrids (Hybrid) varieties is sufficient to prepare a nursery of one hectare area|
Preparation of pepper seedlings and nursery management
| To prepare a chilly plant, choose a place where enough sunshine and sowing seeds 3 times in a land of 1 meter size of 20 cm high. Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf_postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public_html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf_postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public_html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286 Sowing seeds by making 0.5-1 cm deep drains at a distance of 5 cm in the next day. |
Nursery and transplant time
The technique and time of transplantation – Pepper seedlings can be carried out in rain, autumn, summer three seasons. But the main crop of the pepper is prepared in Kharif (June-Oct.). The seedlings of the autumn harvest are carried out in September-October and summer carpet harvest.
Nutrient Management Technique – Use the fertilizers in the harvest of peppers on the basis of soil test. Combine 200-250 q gober’s full-fledged manure or 50 q. vermiccanpost farm preparations in one hectare area. Use 120-150kg, phosphorus 60kg and potash 80kg.
Seed quantity – The amount of 200-225 g of seeds of 500 g of o-p varieties of pepper and 200 g of hybrids (Hybrid) varieties is sufficient to prepare a nursery of one hectare area.
Pepper seedlings can be carried out in rain, autumn, summer trio season| But the main harvest of pepper is prepared from June to October| The seedlings of autumn harvest from June to July are transplanted from September to October and summer carpet harvests in March from February| The seedlings should not exceed 25 to 35 days i. Sowing seeds in nursery. 4 to 5 weeks before transplanting into the main farm|
Preparation of nursery
When preparing for a chilly nurse, the following should be taken care of:
- Mix 2 to 3 baskets of vermiccanpost or in full-fledged gober manure 50 grams of foret drug per garland|
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- 1 day prior to sowing Carbondazim drug 1.5 g per liter of water| Farmers using domestic seeds are advised to treat seeds at the rate of thyme 2.5 g per kilogram of seeds|
- Sowing seeds by making 0.5 to 1 cm deep drains at a distance of 5 cm in the next day|
- After sowing the seeds, cover the leaves of paddy straw, dry grass or foliage after covering the gober manure, mittty and sand (1:1:1:1:1) mixture|
- After 10 days of germination, spray 2 g of oxychloride in water per liter.|
Sichai Management
Chili crop can be irrigation based on soil variety, land type and rain. Irrigation should be done at intervals of 10 to 15 days if the rain is decreasing| If the soil is twice soil, irrigation should be done at intervals of 10 to 12 days and at intervals of 10 days on the gradu land.| Irrigation is essential when flowering and fruits are formed in the pepper crop.| In this situation, the fruits and flowers of the pepper fall in a small state when they are not irrigation| Also, water should not be allowed in the pepper crop|
Using mulching
Drip methodology is being applied for irrigation in modern cultivation of pepper harvest and mulching is used to prevent moisture loss from land| Malching is a fairly chronic method| In this, farmers strive to save farm moisture| The first farmers tried to save moisture by dry leaves, straws, etc. in the farm| Use plastic sheet in place of dry leaves, straws etc in modern agriculture| 30 micron thickness ultraviolet anti plastic mulching sheets are used for weed control| which can be improved by weed management as well as low irrigation water usage|
Benefits of Mulching- The use of mulching saves water, saves the cost of denomination, increase the production and quality of pepper| Low irrigation system can also be availed|
Nutrient Management by Fertivation Technique- Chili plants, which have been planted on a heated wedge, use drip irrigation systems and water solubility fertilizers such as 19:19:19, with irrigation water in drips, increase the utilization efficiency of fertilizer along with the saving of fertilizer and increase the production and quality both by intentive and prompt nutrients available to plants.|
Using Plant Growth Hormones in Chili
Spraying the planofix 10 PPM at the time of infloration in the pepper crop and after 3 weeks increases the number of branches and the fruits look higher | And after 18 and 43 days of transplant, the trai Ketenol 1 P.M.'s drenching grows well of plants
Gybrilic acid 10-100 ppm concentrations are more than spraying after the fruit of the slurry |
Nutrient Management
Use the fertilizers in the pepper crop based on the soil test| Combine 25 to 30 tonnes of gour in one hectare area or 5 to 6 tonne of vermiccanpost farm preparation time| Use Nitrogen 120 to 150 kg, Phosphorus 60 kg and Potass 80 kg|
Use of Plant Regulator (Harmon)– Spraying with a solution of 0.25 ml of nathlin acetic acid (NAA) per liter of water at full time decreases the loss of the flores and increases by about 15 to 20 percent in production| Spraying with a solution of escal in 400 ppm per liter of water increases the production of summer and winter crops|
Weed Management
Normally, the first denomination in the chilly is 20 to 25 and the second denomination is 35 to 40 days or the denomination can also be used for| Prioritize your hands or instruments, thereby protecting soil moisture along with weed control. Use mulching| If you want to control the weeding, spray 300 g of oxyfluorophene before planting. Spray 600 to 700 liters of water per hectare.|
Pepper storage – Green chilly fruits can be condensed from 7-10 to 14-21 days on temperature and 90-95 percent humidity. Do the storage in the airy way. Warning: Parameter 2 to qtranxf_postsFilter() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/webplayg/public_html/vayanjan.com/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php on line 286
Major Insects & Prevention
White Braided– The braid of this pest damages the roots of the plants and significantly harms the crop| Crops are completely destroyed in the outbreaked area|
Prevention– Foret 10G or carbofuran 3G should be mixed in the ground before transplanting according to 25 kg per hectare|
White fly, deciduous gv (thripps), green oily and moyla- These pests significantly damage the crop by sucking the juice from the gentle part of the leaves and plants|
Prevention– Phosphomidon 85s l 0.3ml or Malathyan 50e C or Methyl Dimetone 25e C Sprinkled at a water rate per liter| Repeat spraying from 15 to 20 days as required|
Basic Grenthy (Throat Worm)- Its outbreaks lead to lumps in the roots of plants and the plants turn yellow| Plant growth is stopped, thereby reducing plant growth|
Prevention- In the place of planting seedlings of plants at the time of planting seedlings 25 kilograms of carbofuran 3 grams per hectare in the land of the stem or plant roots in a ml of phosphomidon 85 sl per liter of water, soaked in the field in a solution of half a bell.|
Major Diseases and Prevention
Ardglan (Demping of)- The disease outbreak occurs in a small state of the plant| The portion of the stems located on the surface of the ground is weakened and the veins fall off the plants and die.|
Prevention- Before sowing seeds, treat thyme or Keptan 3 g per kilogram of seeds at the rate of seeds.| Thyram or Keptan 4 to 5 g per sqm before sowing in nursery| Nursery, built in 4 to 6 inches from the surrounding land|
Back White powdery spots appear on the leaves in the outbreak of the disease and more diseases are prone to thickened leaves|
Prevention– Keratio L C1ml or Kelexine spray a water solution per ml and repeat at an interval of 15 days as required|
Shyam Characters (Anthrocloz)- Small black spots become on the leaves and leaves begin to lose| Branches in the fiery stage begin to dry from top to bottom| Symptoms of the disease appear even on ripe fruits|
Prevention- Spray 2 to 3 per litre of water solution of mancozeb or jaineb 2 g per litre of water at an interval of 15 days|
Bacterial smear disease- Small aqueous spots are formed on the leaves from the outbreak of the disease and subsequently appearing from dark brown to dark brown.| At the end, the diseased leaves fall off,|
Prevention- Streptocycline 200 mg, or copper oxychloride 3 g and streptocycline 100 mg per liter of water spray at an interval of 15 days as required|
Hypochondrosis and socks (toxic disease)- The foliage from the outbreak of the foliar of the foliar are shrouded, the little ones are left and the wrinkles are lost.| Causes of socks disease become dark and light yellowing spots on the leaves| Insects are helpful in the transmission of diseases|
Prevention
- Destroy the disease-grown seedlings, dimethoate to prevent the disease from further spreading should be sprayed by 30 E C per liter of water|
- Pre-grinding nursery Carbofuron 3 g 8 to 10 g per square meter in the ground|
- Leven in healthy plant work at the time of planting seedlings|
- 10 to 12 days after planting seedlings, spray the methyl dimetone 25 E C with a solution of water per ml and repeat 20 days as required.| Malathion in the place of the above dynasty after flowering is sprayed according to a milli liter of water|
Fruit Turban
- Green pepper breaks about 85 to 95 days after transplant| This is how the ripe fruits are broken at the interval of 1 to 2 weeks| thus broken 8 to 10 times|
- Fruits for dry pepper are broken after 140 to 150 days when the color of the pepper is red| But the bar breaks the chilly makes the fruit more|
- ripe fruits are dried in the sun for 8 to 10 days| At the time of the sine of the fruit when the half is dried, it is pressed in a snip| The chilly of which is hot and easy to dry| Large-scale chilly is dried from 53 to 54 centigrade temperatures for 2 to 3 days|
Featured
- After cultivating from the above scientific method, the average yield from 125 to 250 quintals and hybrid varieties from normal varieties of green pepper in favorable perishthits can be obtained from 250 to 400 quintals per hectare|
- From the usual varieties of dry pepper can be obtained from 25 to 30 quintals and 30 quintals per hectare from hybrid varieties|
How to reduce the cost in pepper cultivation
Chili cultivation is considered quite expensive cultivation| The main reason for this is the excessive dependence of farmers on chemical fertilizers and drugs in the cultivation of peppers| To reduce the cost in the pepper crop, farmers will also have to use their biological options such as Kanchu manure, Neem Khali, Gober manure, green manure, biopesticide, Neem Oil etc. with balanced use of chemical fertilizers and drugs.| If the farmer is not using pesticide chemicals, then the cost will be reduced| Also adopt the consolidated nashiv technique for pest and disease control|
Production Enhancing Measures
- Use certified seeds|
- Properly arrange water exhaust in the pepper crop|
- Treat the place of the nursery from carbondazim fudnashi|
- Do not prepare the nursery in the field where the first pepper, soybean, mung, begging|
- Make a cloth around the nursery or a lattice, spray it on every 4 to 5 days from the goumutra/neam oil/stripe on the fabric or lattice|
- This can be saved from many kinds of pests and animals of the nursery|
- Destroy the infected plants from the virus|
- Use fertilizers based on soil testing|
- Use a balanced amount of chemical fertilizers and medicines|
- Add fruit on time|
