Hello farmer brothers! Crop management (Post-Sowing management) is the most important link to take maximum and quality yields from the corn harvest. As an Agricultural Scientist and Dissemination Officer, I have prepared a practical step-by-step guide based on scientific researches and government recommended norms for you.
1. Initial Crop Care & Earthing Up
- Desalination and filling spaces (Thinning and Gap Filling):
- Bui's 15 days after To maintain the correct and uniform number of plants in farms, act of disarmament (Thinning) and gap filling (Gap filling).
- Per Location (hill) Only A healthy plant Leave so that plants can get the same opportunity to grow.
- Weed Management:
- The outbreak of weeds is higher in the early stages of crop installation. It is best to do the job hands (manually) for its control.
- In the harvest of the corn Two-time handed over Must: First Nirai of Bui After 25 days And the second Nirai Bui's After 45 days Log in
- Scientific Importance of Soil Plating (Earthing Up):
- Protecting crop from falling (Lodging): The plan of the maize is quite long (up to about 2.5 m) and semi-hard, leading to a huge risk of crop breakage or rotting from the roots (stalk or root lodging) by the walking of strong winds in the Kharif season.
- Supporting the roots: On the basis of the stem, the soil is strengthened by the lower extremities of the crown roots of the corn (crownvine) and the adventious roots (adventitious sacred), which makes them active as the main roots absorbing nutrients. This action also helps to maintain soil moisture and efficient use of irrigation water.
- Time & Way: According to the tests, Two-time soil plating (E2) The best results gives: first time sowing 25 days after and second time 50 days after Climb the soil. This increases the mechanical strength of plants and increases grain yields 8.07 ton per hectare Reaches.
2. Nutrient & Fertilizer Management
Maize is a more nutrient-seeking crop that requires balanced fertilizer.
- Recommended Quantity of Balanced Fertilizer (Recommended Fertilizer Dose):
- Recommended quantity of general fertilizer for hybrid maize (hybrid) 150:60:40:10kg/Hectare N:P2O5:K2O:Zn is.
- Recommended quantity of nitrogen (N), TSP (TSP), MOP (MoP), gypsum, zinc and boric acid for white maize respectively 500, 250, 200, 250, 10, and 7kg/hectare is.
- Splitting of Urea and Importance of Time:
- Maize does not absorb nitrogen at a uniform rate continuously throughout the life cycle. For example, only 12 kg/hectare on the V3 phase, the V6 has a absorption of 80 kg on 25 kg, V8-V10 (third growth phase), and 100 kg of nitrogen at V12.
- Immediately after the sowing (at the stage of 3-4 leaves) spraying urea leads to a huge loss of nitrogen (leaching), as at that time the plant needs much less. Therefore, urea should be divided by split (split application).
- Timetable of correct partition:
- Give half nitrogen and complete phosphorus, potash and zinc sowing as to base dosage (Basal dosage).
- The remaining half of nitrogen divided into two equal parts respectively Knee height (knee-height) state and Stages of pre-tasseling before flowering Give on top-dressing (top-dressed).
- For Sweet Corn: Research suggests that 25% of nitrogen sowing time (basal), 50% knee height (knee-high) and 25% of flowering (tasseling) stage Giving on the crop increases and profits are maximum.
- How to Prevent Loss of Urea (Volatilization Factors):
- The soil surface is high at risk of evaporation (volatilization) of ammonia gas from urea when excessive dampness, temperature is high, fast air running, or pH of soil (pH).
- Instead of throwing urea on the open surface to reduce damage Put on a depth of 2 cm in the soil (side-dressed). Urea (46%N) is highly concentrated than calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN – 28%N) and in case of nitrogen costs per kilogram 65% cheaper and economical Search
- Leaf Test (Leaf Nutrient Analysis): Leaf testing is an important means to know the conditions of nutrients inside the crop. This suggests whether phosphates, zinc and borons have arrived in the plant in sufficient quantities.
Irrigation & Water Management
Maize is sensitive to both moisture deficiency (dried) and excessive watering (waterlogging), so control irrigation as per crop requirement.
- Revolutionary Phase of Irrigation (Critical Phase):
- Bui's After 45 to 65 days (Flower Status) The most important time is. Ensure sufficient moisture at this time, otherwise the yield may decline heavily.
- Stage-specific irrigation (Stage-Specific Scheduling – T5):
- Irrigation should be linked to sensitive steps of the crop instead of indiscriminate. According to scientific research, Makke K Five Revolutionary Stages Irrigating on the best results are:
- germination stage
- Knee height (Knee-height) state
- Before flowering (Pre-tasseling)
- Silking Status
- Dana filling (Grain-filling) stage
- Increased water utilization efficiency (WUE) from irrigation in this method 19.20kg/hectare/mm Get maximum yield (5.5 ton/hector)
- Irrigation should be linked to sensitive steps of the crop instead of indiscriminate. According to scientific research, Makke K Five Revolutionary Stages Irrigating on the best results are:
- Irrigation time as per soil type (TNAU recommendation):
- Heavy Soils Irrigation (Life irrigation) immediately after sowing and then Fourth and 12th day Water. After that in the Wanspetic phase 25th & 36th Day; When flowering 48th and 60th day; and controlledly in the maturity phase 72nd and 85th day Irrigation.
- Light Soils After first irrigation Fourth and 12th day Water. In the Botanical phase 22nd, 32nd and 40th day; When flowering 50th, 60th and 72nd day; and irrigation controlled in the maturity phase 85th & 95th Day Log in
- Drainage: Keep the drainage channel (drainage channels) ready to easily drain excess water in the fields to avoid waterlogging in extreme rain conditions.
4. Integrated Pests & Diseases Management (IPM Approach for Pests & Diseases)
a) The main diseases and their controls:
- Leaf Blight This disease appears mainly on the leaves in the vegetative state.
- Prevention: Seeds before sowing Vitawax-200 (Vitavax-200) @ 2.5 g per kg seed Treat at the rate of Signs of the disease in a steep harvest Tilt (Tilt) or Folicure (Folicur) @ 0.5% Spray and burn the remains of the old crop.
b) Main pests and their controls:
- Fol Armiworm (Fall Armyworm – Spodoptera frugiperda):
- Loss: It is an invasive insect that kills the crop by eating the whirlpool (whorl), the masonry (tassels) and the bruises (cobs). Yields from severe outbreaks in early stages Less than 20 to 60% May.
- IPM (IPM) Control Strategy:
- Pheromone Traps: Per hectare for monitoring adult kites and early detection 15 Pheromone Trap Install.
- Spraying at the right time: Spraying is effective only if the larvae is small and appear on the surface of the leaves outside. Once they enter the inside of the vortex (whorl) or become the "plug" of their stools (frass), the insecticide does not reach them.
- Spraying Technique: Concentrate the insecticide directly on plant queues (plant row), do not spray between queues. Wear protective clothing and face masks while spraying.
- Hypothecation of Pesticides (Rotation): This pest develops very quickly resistivity. Therefore, use insecticides with different chemical classes (different modes of action) for frequent generations. Never spray alone of pyrethroidsFor this insect is completely resistant to it.
- Recommended pesticides and supplements:
- Spintoram 11.7% SC (Spinetoram 11.7% SC): 5ml per 10 liters of water Spray twice at intervals of 15 days.
- Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda-Cyhlothrin 9.5%: When an acute outbreak occurs 0.5ml per liter of water Spray at rate.
- Treasure: 2ml per 20 liters of water Use in a vertical crop at a rate.
- Biological options: Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai Florbac WG Beauveria bassiana Use bio-pesticides like Eco Bb.
- Cutua Pest (Cutworm):
- Loss & Prevention: It cuts the plants from the ground in the vegetative state. Destroy the larvae by hand-assembled from the soil near the harvested plants for control. Based on plants in severe condition Dursban or pyriphos 20 EC @ 5 ml per liter of water Spray.
- Stem Borer:
- Loss & Prevention: For its control Marshall 20 EC (Marshall 20 EC) or Diazinon 60 EC @ 2ml per liter of water Spray. Also, in plant vortex (whorl application) Furadan 5G (Furadan 5G) or Carbofuran 5G @ 20kg per hectare Put between the bases of the leaves and stems at the rate of.
- Bhutta Paneer Elli (Earworm):
- Loss & Prevention: It damages the mucus. Destroy and destroy the larvae from infected charms Cypermethrin (Ripcord 10 EC / Cymbush 10 EC) @ 2 ml per liter of water Spray.
5. Signs of Harvesting and Maturity (Harvesting & Maturity Indicators)
Makke harvesting is extremely important to achieve grain quality and maximum weight at the right time.
- Identification of Physical Maturity:
- Black Layer When the corn is cooked completely, depending on the donations (where they connect with the stalks/cob of the stalks) a clear black layer Becomes. It indicates that the accumulation of dry matter has been completed in donations and the donations have gained full weight. Check the lower portion of their donations by breaking down some representative chunks from the farm to see it.
- Irrigation closure: After becoming a black layer, watering does not lead to an increase in yield, so close the irrigation at this time to save water.
- Dry peel: The harvesting time comes when the outer peel of the roast (husk cover) is completely dried.
- Moisture quantity at harvesting time:
- Moisture in granules at harvesting time From 25% to 15.5% should be between. Harvesting over more moisture increases the cost of drying, but the risk of crop loss caused by storms decreases.
- Post-Harvest Handling & Storage:
- After harvesting, bring the bass on the barn (threshing floor) Dry incense well for 4 to 5 days.
- Moisture in granules of normal grain fly for safe storage 13% (or for hybrid box 14%) It is necessary to bring to a safe level.
Farmers brothers, by adopting this scientific and streamlined crop management guide, you can get the bumper yields of the flyer in low cost.
