Major Diseases of the Paddy: Identification and Prevention
1.Bacterial Leaf Blight
- Identification: This disease affects the harvest of paddy mainly in two stages—Karsek (Sedling Wilt) and deciduous shulsa. The karseak stage is visible from 1 to 3 weeks after transplantation, in which the leaves are reddened from gray-green and the whole plant is dried. The foliage begins to form rippled yellow stripes from the edges of the leaves or the upper end in the foliage stage. In the morning, a drop of milk or os on these lesions appears as bacterial secretion (bacterial ooze).
- Difference between karseak and stem hole: Press the lower tip of the infected plant to the damage of the stem hole and the difference in the cursac; if this is karsek, then the yellow bacterial juice from the cut end will be drained.
- Rescue & Management:
- Seed Treatment: Soak seeds in a solution of 0.25% agrimaicin and 0.05% seresan for 12 hours, then treat 52–54°C in warm water for 30 minutes. Also, pseudomonas Florescence Seeds can also be treated with (10 g/kg seed).
- Cultural Measures: Grow disease-resistant varieties such as IR20, IR72, PONMANI, TKM6. Do not excessively use nitrogen (uria) in the farm and avoid tap dressing when the disease is visible.
- Biological & Chemical Spraying: Spray fresh cow's gober extract (20 g per liter of water) or 3% neem oil when it appears. In severe condition Streptoomycin Sulfate + Tetracycline Combination (300g) + Copper Oxychloride (1.25kg) Spray at the rate of per hectare.
Blast Disease
- Identification: This is a pulmonary disease that attacks the neck (neck) of the leaves, nodes and earrings of the plant. Eye or boat shaped spots on the leaves are formed, the edge of which is brown-red and part of the middle is colored of ash. When the infection occurs on the neck of the earring (the neck rot/Neck Blast), the neck shrinks and the hair is broken, which does not fill the rash.
- Rescue & Management:
- Always maintain moisture in the nursery and do not let it dry.
- Seeds Tricyclazole Or Carbendage Treat (2.0 g/kg seed).
- On appearance of the disease in the farm Tricyclazole (1 g/liter) Or Carbendazim (1.0 g/liter) Or Propiconazole Spray.
3. Brown spot disease
- Identification: Dark brown or spinning on the leaves and granules are formed round or oval spots, which look like sesame seeds. Yellow siege around these spots. This disease greatly reduces the quality and weight of seeds.
- Rescue & Management:
- Use disease-free seeds and resistant varieties (such as Bhawani, CO44, Sagittarius).
- Seeds Therm Or Captain Treat (2 g/kg)
- In the vertical crop Mancozeb (2.0g/liter) Or Edifenfoss (1ml/liter) Spray 2 to 3 times at intervals of 10–15 days.
4. Sheath blight or sheath blight (Sheath Blight)
- Identification: This disease appears on the leaf cover (sheath) near the water surface at the last stage of becoming a blur in the main farm. Irregular green-brown spots are formed on it, the center of which is later brown-white and the edge becomes purple-brown. In the favorable season this infection dries the whole plant by spreading up to the leaves of the above.
- Rescue & Management:
- In the soil before transplanting pseudomonas Florescence Add 2.5kg/hectare to 50kg gober manure/bowl.
- When the disease is visible in the vertical crop Carbendazim (1 g/liter) Or Propiconazole (1 ml/liter) Or Validamysin Spray the worthy of.
5. Mithya Kandua (False Smut/Coal Disease)
- Identification: This disease appears only on donations in the earrings. The affected granules turn into large, velvet-like chicken yellow-orange bodies (smut balls), which later turn yellow-green or green-black.
- Rescue & Management:
- Avoid excessive use of nitrogen (uria) in the crop.
- Gobh (boot leaf) and milky stage (milky stage) Propiconazole (1.0ml/liter) Or Copper Oxychloride (2.5g/liter) Spray.
6. Khaira Disease
- Identification: This disease in the soil Zinc deficiency Causes. Leaves are yellowed and they begin to become colored spots on the spinning.
- Rescue & Management:
- In the soil at the time of the last tillage before transplant or sowing Zinc Sulphate (20-25kg/hectare) Mix.
- If symptoms appear in a vertical crop, Zinc Sulphate (33% Mono Zinc @ 5kg or 21% Zinc @ 8-10kg) + 20kg Urea Spray 1000 liters of water per hectare (or with roasted lime).
Major pests of paddy: identification and rescue
1. Stem Borer
- Identification: The shindi of this insect penetrates inside the stem and eats the insider, which cuts the vascular system. The lobes dry before flowering "Dead Heart" Says and earrings remain white and empty after flowering White Head called.
- Rescue & Management:
- Remove the groups of eggs (egg masses) of stem hole from nursery plants before transplanting.
- parasites for biological control in the farm Trichogram japonicum Leave the card (Trichogramma japonicum).
- Chemical Control: Granulated Insecticide with Urea Fartera (Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR) @4 kg per acre or Regent (Fipronil 0.3% GR) @ 4 kg per acre in the field. In vertical harvest Cartap Hydrochloride (4% GR) @ 7 to 7.5 kg per acre can also be given with urea.
2. Brown Phudka (Brown Planthopper – BPH)
- Identification: This insect resembles white froth near the water surface in the lower part of the stem of the paddy and sucks the plant juice. The harvest from its excessive outbreak begins to fall into the round circle by dragging suddenly, which "Hopper Burn" (Hopper Burn) Says.
- Rescue & Management: For effective control of this pest Buprophezin 15%+Acetate 35% WP (Founder) Spray at @400 g per acre rate.
3. Leaf wrapper (Leaf Folder)
- Identification: By turning the round to its latch leaves (by folding) eats the green part from the inside, showing white-colored long stripes on the leaves.
- Rescue & Management: Bamboo putty fercker suddies can be dropped in the farm. For Chemical Control Cartap Hydrochloride Or Amamectin Benzoate Spray.
4. Red worm of roots (Red Worms)
- Identification: These insects suck the juice in the roots of the paddy which leads to yellowing in plants and stops footwear.
- Rescue & Management: With urea for its prevention Fartera (4kg/acre) or Regent Mix (4kg/acre) into the soil. In emergency Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin Pass the spray roots of 400-500 ml/acre.
Natural Farming IPM
If you’re fully cultivated in a natural or organic way, these traditional insecticides made from Gober and Gomutra of Desi Cow can use:
- Neemastra The solution prepared from the leaves of Gomutra, cow's gober and Neem is very effective for sucking pests, mahu, white fly and stem piercer. (5 liters of limestone + 100 liters of water per acre sprinkle).
- Fire (Agnivastra): This tart insecticide juice made of green pepper, garlic, and goumutra controls sucking pests and inlets.
- Brahmastra: Bitter leaves like Neem, Dhura, Tulsi, and Castordi are made by boiling in the gomutra, destroying stems and large kites.
- (Jeevamrut): Delivering 200 liters of fauna per acre irrigation water every 15 days after 10 days of seedlings increases the disease resistance ability of plants.
